Urban Sustainability, Agglomeration Forces and the Technological Deus ex Machina
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper aims to analyze and depict urban equilibrium from the perspective of a complex force field between (positive) agglomeration economies and (negative) environmental externalities. Based on a simplified representation of a linear urban economy, an archetypical model based on general equilibrium principles is designed and its properties are investigated by using numerical simulations. The model includes a spacious industrial centre in which agglomeration externalities are differentiated over space, and a residential area that suffers from pollution which too is differentiated over space. Environmental technology choice by firms is endogenized. This model is able to generate interesting and sometimes counterintuitive results for the city under consideration. Peter Nijkamp and Erik Verhoef are affiliated to the Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam-Rotterdam. The research of Erik Verhoef has been made possible by a fellowship of the Royal Netherlands Academy of
منابع مشابه
Global health diplomacy: a ‘Deus ex Machina’ for international development and relations; Comment on “A Ghost in the Machine? Politics in Global Health Policy”
Brugha and Bruen (2014) raise a number of compelling issues related to the interaction between politics and policy in the global health context. The first question that their views invite is whether this is, at heart, best characterized as a benign or malign influence. Many commentators have suggested that this overlap should be discouraged (see, for example, Marseille et al 2002; Thomas & Webe...
متن کاملHow venture capital became a component of the US National System of Innovation
Venture capital (VC) is a relatively recent addition to the US national system of innovation (NSI). Tracing the history of the VC industry in the US provides an interesting example of how NSIs can add new institutions, and in the process be transformed. The history encompasses important exogenous events, endogenous developments, and actions by individual actors. The story of the development of ...
متن کاملDark Matter and Its Relationship with Gravity, Electromagnetism and the Two Nuclear Forces
In a search for a solution of the galaxy rotation problem, a novel view on cosmological gravity is developed. In this view, the origin of gravity is traced back to the basic nuclear field of energy, spread by quarks as elementary pointlike sources. This gives a common basis for gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force. After a review on gravimagnetism and t...
متن کاملDeus ex machina and the aesthetics of proof
C Unexpectedness and inevitability, two of the aesthetic qualities G.H. Hardy identified as being properties of beautiful proofs [Har, §], together seem paradoxical: how can something be seen as both unexpected and inevitable? Two possibilities are that the inevitability only becomes apparent in hindsight, or that the strategy of the proof is unexpected but, once chosen, proceeds inevitably...
متن کاملInvariant differential operators
on the complex upper half-plane H, provably invariant under the linear fractional action of SL2(R), but it is oppressive to verify this directly. Worse, the goal is not merely to verify an expression presented as a deus ex machina, but, rather to systematically generate suitable expressions. An important part of this intention is understanding reasons for the existence of invariant operators, a...
متن کامل